Hybridity in Australia: A Postcolonial Reading of Oodgeroo Noonuccal’s Selected Poems

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD in English Language and Literature, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

2 Graduate Student of English Languages and Literature, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

10.34785/J014.2020.213

Abstract

The aim of this article is to study selected poems of Oodgeroo Noonuccal, the national poet of the Australian Aborigines, in the light of Homi K. Bhabha’s postcolonial theories. Using a descriptive research methodology, the present study examines the way Noonuccal’s poetry fashions resisting discourse in contemporary Australia. First of all, introductory notes on postcolonial movement, colonial history of Australia and Noonuccal are presented and then postcolonial key terms such as hybridity, third space and otherization are applied to selected poems with the purpose of highlighting the anticolonial inclinations in them. Throughout the study, third space which comes as a result of hybrid cultures is emphasized as a background for reflecting and reinforcing Aboriginal tendency in Australia. Finally, issues such as expounding a view of history from the perspective of the colonized, pointing to the disappearance of Aboriginal culture and tradition and their revival, protesting against the states’ unjust policies regarding the Aborigines, putting an end to otherization and issuing a call for a just integration of blacks and whites are all considered as valiant attempts waging the anticolonial struggles in Oodgeroo Noonuccal’s poetry.

Keywords


Berndt, Catherine. “Traditional Aboriginal Oral Literature.” in Aboriginal Writing Today. Eds. Jack Davis and Bob Hodge. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 1985, pp. 91-103.
Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. London: Routledge, 1994.
Buckridge, Patrick. By the Book: A Literary History of Queensland. St. Lucia, Qld.: University of Queensland Press, 2007.
Collingwood-Whittick, Sheila. Ed. The Pain of Unbelonging Alienation and Identity in Australasian Literature. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2007.
Collins, John. “Oodgeroo of the tribe Noonuccal.” Race & class, Vol. 35, No. 4, 1994, pp. 77-87.
Corroboree Aboriginal rite. (n.d.). Retrieved April 26, 2015, from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/138715/corroboree
Craven, Raven. Teaching Aboriginal studies. St Leonards, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin, 1999.
Dreese, Donelle N. Ecocriticism: Creating Self and Place in Environmental and American Indian Literatures. New York: Peter Lang, 2002.
Furaih, Ameer Chasib. “‘Let no one say the past is dead’: History wars and the poetry of Oodgeroo Noonuccal and Sonia Sanchez.” Queensland Review, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2018, pp. 163-176.
Gleeson-White, Jane. Australian Classics: 50 Great Writers and their Celebrated Work. (EasyRead large print ed.). Sydney: Read How You Want/Accessible, 2010.
Huddart, David. Homi K. Bhabha. London: Routledge, 2005.
Jose, Nicholas.  Anthology of Australian Aboriginal Literature. Ontario: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2008.
Kumaravadivelu, B. Cultural Globalization and Language Education. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.
Mahoney, Blair. Poetry Remastered: A Practical Guide for Senior Students. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Tranter, John. The Penguin Book of Modern Australian Poetry. Eds. Philip Mead and John Tranter, Ringwood, Vic., Australia: Penguin Books assisted by the Literature Board of the Australian Council, 1991.
Miller, John. Australia’s Writers and Poets. Wollombi, NSW: Exisle Pub, 2007.
Noonuccal, Oodgeroo. Dreamtime: Aboriginal Stories (Roozegar-e Roya: Dastanhay-e Boomian-e Australia). Trans. Siavash Morshedi. Tehran: Hava, 1395.
---. The Dawn is at Hand: Selected Poems. London: Marion Boyars, 1992.
Punt, Jeremy. Postcolonial Biblical Interpretation: Reframing Paul. Boston: Brill, 2015.
Ramraj, Victor J. Concert of Voices: An Anthology of World Writing in English (2nd ed.). Peterborough, Ont.: Broadview Press, 2009.
Runions, Erin. Changing Subjects: Gender, Nation and Future in Micah. London: Sheffield Academic Press, 2001.
Shoemaker, Adam. Black Words, White Page: Aboriginal Literature, 1929-1988. St Lucia, Qld., Australia: University of Queensland Press, 1989.
The Dreaming | Australian Aboriginal mythology. (n.d.). Retrieved April 26, 2015, from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/171252/the-Dreaming
Watson, Sam. “Kath Walker/Oodgeroo Noonuccal.” Queensland Review, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2007, pp. 43-43.
Webby, Elizabeth. Ed. The Cambridge Companion to Australian Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Woods, Amanda. Indigenous Identity, Oral Tradition, and the Land in the Poetry of Oodgeroo Noonuccal, Luci Tapahonso, and Haunani-Kay Trask. MA thesis. East Carolina University. Greenville, North Carolina, 2010.