Christian Images in Justin Kurzel’s Macbeth (2015)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD Candidate, Department of Foreign Languages and Linguistics School of Literature and Humanities Shiraz University

2 Staff Member of the Iranian Academy of Persian Language and Literature

3 Professor of Comparative Literature, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Linguistics, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Foreign Languages and Linguistics, College of Literature and Humanities, Shiraz University, Jomhoori Eslami Blvd. Shiraz, IR 71946-84636

10.34785/J014.2021.985

Abstract

< p>Justin Kurzel’s film, Macbeth (2015) demonstrates a large number of Christian symbols and images. This comparative study seeks the relation between the Protestantism discourse of the Elizabethan era, and the religious visualizations and images used in Kurzel’s movie including the Cross, paintings, costumes and mise-en-scene. By applying Linda Hutcheon’s theory of adaptation to exploring the film, the meaning of these images can be found through contextualization. How Kurzel creates a new way to visualize the main socio-historical ideas of the original text will be examined. Stam’s model of intertextual dialogism helps a better understanding of how these images relate to the original setting. While Kurzel features an authentic medieval Scottish setting, he employs new visual ways to convey the socio-cultura context of the Shakespearean Macbeth. Concerning Macbeth (2015), it could be argued that there are still similar examples of the justification of violence and war in our contemporary era. By voicing the marginalized Macbeths, Justin Kurzel relates to similar unjust conditions in the contemporary time and place.

Keywords


Aragay, Mireia, (ed.). Books in Motion: Adaptation, Intertextuality and Authorship.  Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2005.
Babliak, Peter E. S. Shakespeare Films: A Re-evaluation of 100 Years of Adaptation. North Carolina: McFarland and Company, 2016.
Best, Stephen and Sharon Marcus. “Surface Reading: An Introduction.” Representations. Vol. 108, No. 1, 2009, pp. 1-21.
Bidet, Jacques and Kouvelakis Stathis. Critical Companion to Contemporary Marxism. Leiden: Brill Publication, 2008.
Bladen, Victoria. “Performing the Child Motif in Kurzel’s Macbeth (2015).” Anglistik: International Journal of English Studies, Vol. 28, No. 2, 2017, pp. 129-137.
Brannigan, John. New Historicism and Cultural Materialism. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1998.
Buhler, Stephen M. Shakespeare in the Cinema. New York: State University of New York Press, 2002.
Cartmell, Deborah and Imelda Whelehan, (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Literature on Screen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Cartmell, Deborah. A Companion to Literature, Film and Adaptation. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.
Clement, Jennifer. “Authenticity and Adaptation in two Shakespeare Films: The Case of Macbeth (2015) and Cymbeline (2015).” Journal of Adaptation in Film and Performance, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2017, pp. 93-109.
Crowl, Samuel. Shakespeare and Film: A Norton Guide. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 2008.
Drakakis, John and Dale Townshend, Eds. Macbeth: A Critical Reader. London: Bloomsbury, 2013.
Elias, Amy. The Cambridge History of Postmodern Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
Elliott, Kamilla. “Rethinking Formal-cultural and Textual-contextual Divides in Adaptation Studies.” Literature/Film Quarterly. Vol. 42, No. 4, 2014, pp. 576-93.
---. “Literary Film Adaptation and the Form/Content Dilemma.” In Narrative across Media: The Languages of Storytelling, Marie-Laure Ryan (ed.), 2004, pp. 220-243.
Everett Barbara. “The Pirate’s Head.” The London Review of Books, The Guardian, 7 Jan. 2003.
Geertz, Clifford. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books, 1973.
Greenblatt, Stephen. “Towards a Poetics of Culture.” In The New Historicism, 1989, pp. 17-30.
---. Renaissance Self-fashioning from More to Shakespeare. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.
Henderson, Diane E., (ed.). A Concise Companion to Shakespeare on Screen. Hoboken: Blackwell Publishing, 2006.
Hindle, Maurice. Shakespeare on Film. London: Palgrave, 2015.
Hutchuel, Sarah. Shakespeare form Stage to Screen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Hutcheon, Linda. A Theory of Adaptation. London: Routledge, 2006.
Gibson, Marion and Jo Ann Esra. Shakespeare’s Demonology: A Dictionary. Arden Shakespeare Dictionaries. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2014.
Keller, James R. Princes. Soldiers and Rogues: The Political Malcontent of Renaissance Drama. Bern: Peter Lang, 1993.
Kidnie, Margaret Jane. Shakespeare and the Problem of Adaptation. London: Routledge, 2009.
King James Bible online. www.kingjamesbibleonline.org. [Accessed on 3 Sep 2020].
Kurzel, Justin (Dir.). Blue Tongue. 2004.
---. (Dir.). Macbeth. 2015.
---. “It was the version of Michael Fassbender as Macbeth that first intrigued me,” Online Film Interview, 2015. [Accessed on 23 Sep 2016].
---. (Dir.). Snowtown, 2011.
Stam, Robert. “Beyond Fidelity: the Dialogics of Adaptation.” In Film Adaptation, James Naremore (ed.). Rutgers, 2000, pp. 54-76.
Sanders, Julie. (2006). Adaptation and Appropriation. New Jersey: Routledge.
Sheppard, Philippa. “Humbling the Soldier in Kurzel’s Macbeth and Parker’s Othello.” Literature/Film Quarterly. Vol. 46, No. 1, 2018, pp. 1-4.
Sinfield, Alan. Faultlines: Cultural materialism and the Dissident reading. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.
Leigh, Danny. “Macbeth Director Justin Kurzel: ‘You’re Getting Close to Evil’. The Guardian. Sep, 2015, pp. 1-2.
Leitch, Thomas. “Adaptation Studies at a Crossroads.” Adaptation, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2008, pp. 63-77.
---. “Twelve Fallacies in Contemporary Adaptation Theory.” Criticism, Vol. 4, 2003, pp. 149-171.
Mabillard, Amanda. “Biblical Imagery in Macbeth.” Shakespeare online, 2001. www.shakespeare-online.com/play/macbeth/bibimagery [Accessed on 20 Nov. 2017]
Manvell, Roger. Shakespeare and the Film. Westport: Praeger, 1971.
McEachern, Claire, (ed.). The Cambridge companion to Shakespeare tragedy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. 
Meikle, Kyle. “Rematerializing Adaptation Theory.” Literature/Film Quarterly. Vol. 41, No. 3, 2013, pp. 174-183.
Metz, Christian. The imaginary signifier. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1971
Milton, John. “Translation Studies and Adaptation Studies.” In Translation Research Project, Anthony Pym and Alexander Perekrestenko (eds.), 2009, pp. 51-58.
Miola, Robert S. A Norton critical edition: William Shakespeare, Macbeth. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 2014.
Murray, Simone. “Materializing Adaptation Theory: The Adaptation Industry.” Literature/Film Quarterly, Vol. 36, No. 1, 2008, pp. 4-20.
Payne, Michael, editor. The Greenblatt Reader. Hoboken: Blackwell Publishing, 2005.         
Perez Lopez, Jennifer. It Is a Knell That Summons Thee to Heaven or to Hell’: The Christian Dimension of Shakespeare’s Macbeth. MA Thesis, University of Idaho, Moscow, 2015.
Platt, Peter G. Shakespeare and the Culture of Paradox: Studies in Performance and Early Modern Drama. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 2009.
Rabinow, Paul, (ed.). The Foucault Reader. New York: Pantheon Book, 1984.
Ward, Sarah. “Sound and Fury: Ambition, Absence and Anger in Justin Kurzel’s Macbeth.” Screen Education, Vol. 82, 2019, pp. 24-31.
Watts, Cedric Thomas. Hamlet: New Critical Introductions to Shakespeare. Woodbridge: Twayne Publishers, 1988.
Wells, Stanley. Roles Recreated: Players of Shakespeare. Philip Brockbank (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.