Social Ecofeminism Versus Cultural Ecofeminism: Marsha Norman’s Getting Out and ’night, Mother

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of English Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of English Language and Literature, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

10.34785/J014.2021.305

Abstract

The present article analyzes two of Marsha Norman’s groundbreaking plays, Getting Out (1977) and ’night, Mother (1983), in the light of ecofeminism. From the viewpoint of ecological feminism, Western patriarchal culture, which is structured in a hierarchical and dualistic manner, is responsible for the domination of women as well as the destruction of the natural environment. Broadly speaking, ecofeminist studies fall into two main categories: social ecofeminism and cultural ecofeminism. Considering the theories and positions of both groups, the researchers analyze how ‘nature’ and ‘women’ have been historically, socially, and culturally oppressed by hierarchical and dualistic structures of patriarchal capitalism; and discuss how Norman in her selected plays challenges and destabilizes such structures. Accordingly, it is concluded that Norman’s conception of woman-nature connection corresponds more closely to the theories and positions held by social ecofeminists than those of cultural ecofeminists, and that she considers woman-nature affinity as more of a sociocultural product than a biological fact.

Keywords

References

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Critical Literary Studies
Volume 3, Issue 2 - Serial Number 6
September 2021
Pages 77-91

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History

  • Receive Date: 31 January 2021
  • Revise Date: 04 April 2021
  • Accept Date: 21 June 2021

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